Journal of Reproductive Immunology
Volume 78, Issue 2 , Pages 166-171 , July 2008

Racial differences in cervical cytokine concentrations between pregnant women with and without bacterial vaginosis

  • Kelli K. Ryckman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
  • ,
  • Scott M. Williams

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, 519 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Tel.: +1 615 322 8036; fax: +1 615 343 8619.
  • ,
  • Marijane A. Krohn

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  • ,
  • Hyagriv N. Simhan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Received 27 July 2007 ,Revised 10 December 2007 ,Accepted 8 January 2008.

References 

  1. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Stat. Soc. B. 1995;57:289–300
  2. Biagini RE, Sammons DL, Smith JP, et al. Comparison of a multiplexed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of human immunoglobulin G antibodies to anthrax toxins. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2004;11:50–55
  3. Blake GJ, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and other inflammatory risk markers in acute coronary syndromes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003;41:37S–42S
  4. Cakmak H, Schatz F, Huang ST, et al. Progestin suppresses thrombin- and interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-11 production in term decidual cells: implications for preterm delivery. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;90:5279–5286
  5. Carey JC, Yaffe SJ, Catz C. The vaginal infections and prematurity study: an overview. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;36:809–820
  6. Carey JC, Klebanoff MA, Hauth JC, et al. Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000;342:534–540
  7. Cauci S, Driussi S, De SD, et al. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes in peri- and postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:2147–2152
  8. Cauci S, Guaschino S, De AD, et al. Interrelationships of interleukin-8 with interleukin-1beta and neutrophils in vaginal fluid of healthy and bacterial vaginosis positive women. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2003;9:53–58
  9. Eschenbach DA. History and review of bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;169:441–445
  10. Esplin MS, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 is increased in the amniotic fluid of women who deliver preterm in the presence or absence of intra-amniotic infection. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2005;17:365–373
  11. Garofalo RP, Goldman AS. Cytokines, chemokines, and colony-stimulating factors in human milk: the 1997 update. Biol. Neonate. 1998;74:134–142
  12. Genc MR, Witkin SS, Delaney ML, et al. A disproportionate increase in IL-1beta over IL-1ra in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women with altered vaginal microflora correlates with preterm birth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004;190:1191–1197
  13. Goldenberg RL, Thom E, Moawad AH, et al. The preterm prediction study: fetal fibronectin, bacterial vaginosis and peripartum infection NICHD Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;87:656–660
  14. Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, et al. Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet. Gynecol. 1986;67:229–237
  15. Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant the vaginal infections and prematurity study group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995;333:1737–1742
  16. Hoffmann SC, Stanley EM, Cox ED, et al. Ethnicity greatly influences cytokine gene polymorphism distribution. Am. J. Transplant. 2002;2:560–567
  17. Koumans EH, Kendrick JS. Preventing adverse sequelae of bacterial vaginosis: a public health program and research agenda. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2001;28:292–297
  18. Mattsby-Baltzer I, Platz-Christensen JJ, Hosseini N, et al. IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, fetal fibronectin, and endotoxin in the lower genital tract of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1998;77:701–706
  19. McGregor JA, French JI. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 2000;55:S1–S19
  20. McGregor JA, French JI, Jones W, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with prematurity and vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase: results of a controlled trial of topical clindamycin cream. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994;170:1048–1059
  21. Myslobodsky M. Preterm delivery: on proxies and proximal factors. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 2001;15:381–383
  22. Nelson K, Grether J, Dambrosia J, et al. Neonatal cytokines and cerebral palsy in very preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 2003;53:600–607
  23. Ness RB. The consequences for human reproduction of a robust inflammatory response. Q. Rev. Biol. 2004;79:383–393
  24. Ness RB, Hillier S, Richter HE, et al. Can known risk factors explain racial differences in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis?. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 2003;95:201–212
  25. Ness RB, Haggerty CL, Harger G, et al. Differential distribution of allelic variants in cytokine genes among African Americans and White Americans. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2004;160:1033–1038
  26. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1991;29:297–301
  27. Pickering JW, Martins TB, Schroder MC, et al. Comparison of a multiplex flow cytometric assay with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 2002;9:872–876
  28. Platz-Christensen JJ, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Thomsen P, et al. Endotoxin and interleukin-1 alpha in the cervical mucus and vaginal fluid of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993;169:1161–1166
  29. Prabhakar U, Eirikis E, Davis HM. Simultaneous quantification of proinflammatory cytokines in human plasma using the LabMAP assay. J. Immunol. Methods. 2002;260:207–218
  30. Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Krohn MA, et al. Elevated vaginal pH and neutrophils are associated strongly with early spontaneous preterm birth. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;189:1150–1154
  31. Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Krohn MA, et al. Decreased cervical proinflammatory cytokines permit subsequent upper genital tract infection during pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;189:560–567
  32. Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Hillier SL, et al. Cervical anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations among first-trimester pregnant smokers. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005;193:1999–2003
  33. Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Krohn MA, et al. The vaginal inflammatory milieu and the risk of early premature preterm rupture of membranes. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005;192:213–218
  34. St John E, Mares D, Spear GT. Bacterial vaginosis and host immunity. Curr. HIV/AIDS Rep. 2007;4:22–28
  35. StataCorp., 2007. Stata Statistical Software Version 9.2.
  36. Steele C, Fidel PL. Cytokine and chemokine production by human oral and vaginal epithelial cells in response to Candida albicans. Infect. Immun. 2002;70:577–583
  37. Takahata Y, Takada H, Nomura A, et al. Detection of interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines in human milk. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:659–665
  38. Wasiela M, Krzeminski Z, Kalinka J, et al. Correlation between levels of selected cytokines in cervico-vaginal fluid of women with abnormal vaginal bacterial flora. Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol. 2005;57:327–333
  39. Zabaleta J, Schneider BG, Ryckman K, et al. Ethnic differences in cytokine gene polymorphisms: potential implications for cancer development. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2008;57:107–114

PII: S0165-0378(08)00007-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2008.01.003

Journal of Reproductive Immunology
Volume 78, Issue 2 , Pages 166-171 , July 2008